RocketMQ 顺序消息

2020-12-27 · 6 min read

顺序消息

消息有序指的是一类消息消费时，能按照发送的顺序来消费。例如：一个订单产生了三条消息分别是订单创建、订单付款、订单完成。消费时要按照这个顺序消费才能有意义，但是同时订单之间是可以并行消费的。RocketMQ可以严格的保证消息有序。

顺序消息分为全局顺序消息与分区顺序消息，全局顺序是指某个Topic下的所有消息都要保证顺序；部分顺序消息只要保证每一组消息被顺序消费即可。

全局顺序对于指定的一个 Topic，所有消息按照严格的先入先出（FIFO）的顺序进行发布和消费。适用场景：性能要求不高，所有的消息严格按照 FIFO 原则进行消息发布和消费的场景
分区顺序对于指定的一个 Topic，所有消息根据 sharding key 进行区块分区。同一个分区内的消息按照严格的 FIFO 顺序进行发布和消费。 Sharding key 是顺序消息中用来区分不同分区的关键字段，和普通消息的 Key 是完全不同的概念。适用场景：性能要求高，以 sharding key 作为分区字段，在同一个区块中严格的按照 FIFO 原则进行消息发布和消费的场景。

顺序消息生产

package io.mvvm.list;

import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.MessageQueueSelector;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @program: spring-cloud-alibaba
 * @description: Producer，发送顺序消息
 * @author: 潘
 * @create: 2020-12-27 22:01
 **/
public class Producer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("group1");

        producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");

        producer.start();

        String[] tags = new String[]{"TagA", "TagC", "TagD"};

        // 订单列表
        List<OrderStep> orderList = new Producer().buildOrders();

        Date date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String dateStr = sdf.format(date);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            // 加个时间前缀
            String body = dateStr + " Hello RocketMQ " + orderList.get(i);
            Message msg = new Message("ListTopic", tags[i % tags.length], "KEY" + i, body.getBytes());

            SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() {
                @Override
                public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) {
                    Long id = (Long) arg;  //根据订单id选择发送queue
                    long index = id % mqs.size();
                    return mqs.get((int) index);
                }
            }, orderList.get(i).getOrderId());//订单id

            System.out.println(String.format("SendResult status:%s, queueId:%d, body:%s",
                    sendResult.getSendStatus(),
                    sendResult.getMessageQueue().getQueueId(),
                    body));
        }

        producer.shutdown();
    }

    /**
     * 订单的步骤
     */
    private static class OrderStep {
        private long orderId;
        private String desc;

        public long getOrderId() {
            return orderId;
        }

        public void setOrderId(long orderId) {
            this.orderId = orderId;
        }

        public String getDesc() {
            return desc;
        }

        public void setDesc(String desc) {
            this.desc = desc;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "OrderStep{" +
                    "orderId=" + orderId +
                    ", desc='" + desc + '\'' +
                    '}';
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成模拟订单数据
     */
    private List<OrderStep> buildOrders() {
        List<OrderStep> orderList = new ArrayList<OrderStep>();

        OrderStep orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111039L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111065L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111039L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103117235L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("创建");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111065L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103117235L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("付款");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111065L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111039L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("推送");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103117235L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        orderDemo = new OrderStep();
        orderDemo.setOrderId(15103111039L);
        orderDemo.setDesc("完成");
        orderList.add(orderDemo);

        return orderList;
    }
}

顺序消费消息

package io.mvvm.list;

import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus;
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.consumer.ConsumeFromWhere;
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @program: spring-cloud-alibaba
 * @description: 顺序消息消费，带事务方式（应用可控制Offset什么时候提交）
 * @author: 潘
 * @create: 2020-12-27 22:06
 **/
public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("group1");
        consumer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
        /**
         * 设置Consumer第一次启动是从队列头部开始消费还是队列尾部开始消费<br>
         * 如果非第一次启动，那么按照上次消费的位置继续消费
         */
        consumer.setConsumeFromWhere(ConsumeFromWhere.CONSUME_FROM_FIRST_OFFSET);

        consumer.subscribe("ListTopic", "TagA || TagC || TagD");

        consumer.registerMessageListener(new MessageListenerOrderly() {

            Random random = new Random();

            @Override
            public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) {
                context.setAutoCommit(true);
                for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {
                    // 可以看到每个queue有唯一的consume线程来消费, 订单对每个queue(分区)有序
                    System.out.println("consumeThread=" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "queueId=" + msg.getQueueId() + ", content:" + new String(msg.getBody()));
                }

                try {
                    //模拟业务逻辑处理中...
                    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(random.nextInt(10));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
            }
        });

        consumer.start();

        System.out.println("Consumer Started.");
        System.in.read();
    }
}